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中国现代化建设分三步走的战略 the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive
第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.
第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.
第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
即将加入世贸组织 expected entry (accession) in the WTO
与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy
中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power. 适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.
一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.
立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play
扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints
放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform
配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms
配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of
提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns
讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect
加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy
拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes
债转股 debt-to-equity swap
头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺） in an easy position (tight position)
朝阳产业 sunrise industry
招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project
充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy
实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.
再注资 recapitalization
放松银根 to ease monetary policy (收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy)
适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy
信用紧缩 credit crunch
加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.
合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.
保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector
适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products
国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises
私营企业 private businesses
民营企业 privately-run businesses
中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises
三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits
货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation
吸收游资 absorb idle fund
经常性贷款 commercial lending
经常性支出 operating expenses
再贷款 re-lending; subloan

支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market
改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.
进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market
增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing
完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets
中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
综合指数 composite index （美国）
纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
主板市场 the main board
二板市场 the second board market
中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market
首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)
市场资本总额 market capitalization
法人股 institutional shares
内部股（非上市招股） private company shares
“牛”市 bull market
抛售 bear sales
疲软股票 soft stock
配股 allotment of shares
内部审计 internal audit
互助基金 mutual fund
扩大内需 expand domestic demand
改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs
鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption
长期国债 long-term treasury bonds
支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds
财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt
按原口径计算 calculate on the base line
按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price
按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price
列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget
结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales
经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account
开办人民币业务 engage in Rrenminbi (RMB) business
出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods
保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade
分期付款 installment payment
保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings
抵押贷款 collateralised loans
住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan
经济林 cash tree
跟踪审计 follow-up auditing
配套政策 supporting policies
广义货币 M2 （狭义货币 M1）

中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）
四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks
中国银行 Bank of china
中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and
中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China
中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China
招商银行 China Merchants Bank
中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China
中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.
中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank
政策性银行 state policy-related bank
国家发展银行 State Development Bank
中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank
（香港英资）汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)
金融监管 financial supervision